Neuromodulation
Devices that change how pain signals reach the brain — from TENS to implanted stimulators.
Neuromodulation treats pain by changing the signal rather than the anatomy: mild electrical pulses, or precisely delivered medication, interrupt pain messages on their way to the brain.
The family spans a wide range of commitment. TENS works through the skin. Spinal cord stimulation — including high-frequency 10 kHz and dorsal root ganglion approaches — begins with a temporary trial, so you can feel what it does for your own pain before any implant is placed. A peripheral nerve stimulator targets one nerve; an intrathecal pump delivers medication in very small doses directly where it acts.
From TENS to implanted systems
Spinal Cord Stimulation
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) uses mild electrical impulses delivered through...
Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) Stimulation
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation is a specialized form of neuromodulation...
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) involves placing small electrodes near a...
Intrathecal Drug Delivery (Pain Pump)
An intrathecal drug delivery system (pain pump) delivers medication directly...
INSPAN Interspinous Spacer
The INSPAN interspinous spacer is an implantable device placed between the...
High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation (10kHz)
High-frequency spinal cord stimulation, commonly called HF10, delivers electrical impulses at 10,000 Hz —...
TENS Therapy
TENS — transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation — delivers a mild electrical current through...
Where neuromodulation fits
Stimulation and pump therapy are considered in conditions like these:
Back Pain
Back pain is one of the most common reasons people seek medical care and a leading cause of disability worldwide. At...
Cancer Pain
Cancer pain can result from the disease itself — tumors pressing on nerves, bones, or organs — or from cancer treatments...
Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists for more than three months, often continuing well beyond the expected...
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is a chronic pain condition that typically develops after an injury, surgery, or trauma...
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
Failed back surgery syndrome, also called post-laminectomy syndrome, describes back or leg pain that persists or...
Neuropathy
Neuropathy, or peripheral neuropathy, refers to damage or dysfunction of the peripheral nerves that carry signals...
Occipital Neuralgia
Occipital neuralgia is pain in the back of the head along the territory of the occipital nerves, which climb...
Phantom Limb Pain
Phantom limb pain is a condition in which patients experience pain, tingling, burning, or other sensations in a limb...
Post-Surgical Pain
Post-surgical pain, particularly failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), is a common and challenging condition in which...
Radiculopathy
Radiculopathy occurs when a spinal nerve root is compressed, irritated, or inflamed as it exits the spinal column. This...
Sciatica
Sciatica describes pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which branches from the lower back through...
Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal or the openings where nerves exit, most often from arthritis,...
Other procedure families
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